12/5/2023 0 Comments Follow study session 2You have truly learned material when you can readily recall it and actually use it-on tests or in real-life situations. Gain key strategies for effective studying.Learn how to use your class and reading notes to learn the material, not just to pass the test.Face tests with confidence, not anxiety."The successes in PM 2.5 reductions serve to demonstrate the benefits of PM 2.5 mitigation efforts, and to motivate further mitigation. "There is need to continue to sustain and develop global monitoring capabilities for PM 2.5 both from satellite, but also from ground-based measurements," Martin said. Careful monitoring, especially in regions that are currently poorly monitored but highly populated, including South Asia and the Middle East, will be critical to ongoing improvements in air quality and to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation efforts, Martin said. The team calculated that in 2019, there were still millions of premature deaths worldwide that could be attributed to PM 2.5, highlighting the urgent need for continued reduction to PM 2.5 exposure. "Reducing the same amount of PM 2.5 now will have stronger health benefits than it would have 20 years ago, a globally prevalent phenomenon highlighted in our study." "By combining PM 2.5 data with health data and exposure-response models, we also revealed that despite the recent sustained reduction of global PM 2.5 pollution, population aging and growth are now the main challenges in alleviating PM 2.5 health impacts," Li said. Future interventions to reduce PM 2.5 exposure will have even greater impacts for an aging and growing global population, Li said. This result was astonishing when it was derived, but it could be explained well by the rapid reduction of PM 2.5 concentrations due to China's mitigation efforts, which benefit nearly one-fifth of the global population."īenefits from PM 2.5 exposure reduction include 1.1 million fewer premature deaths in China alone between 20, as well as improved health more generally. "More than 90% of the reduction of global mean exposure from 2011 to 2019 is from China, according to our regional attribution. "Rigorous air quality management in China, which has been most pronounced since 2013, turned out to be the biggest contributor to this global reversal," Li said. He described recent emerging decreases in China as particularly striking. Li found that many regions have exhibited decreasing exposure since 2011, including continuous reductions in North America and western Europe. "We developed a new regional decomposition approach that jointly considered pollution level and population size, and from that we depicted the first-ever time series of regional contributions to global PM 2.5 air pollution." "Before this work, there was a knowledge gap regarding quantitative local/regional contributions to global population exposure to PM 2.5 and its changes," said Chi Li, first author on the study and a staff scientist in Martin's research group. The team's analysis, published in Nature Communications, showed that global, population-weighted PM 2.5 exposure, related to both pollution levels and population size, increased from 1998 to a peak in 2011, then decreased steadily from 2011 to 2019, largely driven by exposure reduction in China and slower growth in other regions. "We sought to analyze our satellite-derived PM 2.5 estimates for insight into global and regional changes in PM 2.5 exposure and its health effects." "The importance of PM 2.5 as a leading risk factor for human health motivates assessment of its long-term changes," Martin said. Louis, examined PM 2.5 data from 1998–2019 to find out. Tucker Distinguished Professor in the McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Researchers working with Randall Martin, the Raymond R. ![]() ![]() But how effective have these mitigation efforts been, and what region or regions are most responsible for driving global PM 2.5 reduction? To ameliorate these wide-ranging negative impacts resulting from exposure to PM 2.5, which is produced largely through traditional energy sources such as burning fossil fuels or wood, several countries have taken steps to reduce exposure to PM 2.5.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |